Background/Objectives: Although socioeconomic status-anemia association has been reported, evidence across all age groups of Korean women considering life stage remains limited. This study analyzed the household income-anemia association in Korean women across all age and explored differences by life stage.

Methods: Data from the 8th Korea National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (2019–2021) were used to analyze 6,564 women. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using complex-sample binary logistic regression with household income categorized into quartiles, and anemia defined based on WHO hemoglobin cutoffs. Four sequential models were constructed with stepwise adjustment for covariates. Subgroup analyses stratified by life stage were performed.

Results: Anemia prevalence was significantly higher in the low-income group (17.7%) than the high-income group (11.0%; p<0.001). After full covariate adjustment, the OR remained significantly elevated in the low-income group, while no significant association was observed in other groups. Life stage-stratified analyses yielded no statistically significant associations, though women of reproductive age showed point estimates consistent with overall direction.

Conclusions: Low household income was significantly associated with anemia prevalence in Korean women, suggesting that socioeconomic status may contribute to anemia susceptibility. Targeted prevention strategies for low-income women and further causal research are warranted.