Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease often diagnosed late, with limited therapeutic options. Early detection is critical but is challenged by complex diagnostics and the lack of cell-specific biomarkers in noninvasive tests. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a promising liquid biopsy approach, as they are secreted by cells and carry molecular signatures reflective of their origin. We developed Plasmon-Amplified cell-specific single extracellular vesicle analysis for IPF (PAVE-IPF) to sensitively detect both cell-specific and IPF-related markers on individual EVs. Gold nanostructures were used to amplify fluorescence signals from antibody-labeled EVs, enabling multiplexed single-vesicle profiling. PAVE-IPF identified EVs derived from key lung cell types—epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages—and distinguished their expression of IPF markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The platform demonstrated enhanced sensitivity compared to conventional methods and revealed heterogeneity in EV marker expression. Notably, EVs from IPF patients exhibited significantly higher levels of IPF markers in the cell-specific EV subpopulation compared to those from healthy controls. PAVE-IPF provides minimally invasive, cell-specific EV profiling, offering a powerful and precise tool for IPF diagnosis. This approach enhances diagnostic accuracy by resolving the molecular contributions of distinct pulmonary cell types.