The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play critical roles in the progression of atherosclerosis and restenosis. This study explores the effects of rosuvastatin (RSV) on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration, with a particular emphasis on the Akt/mTOR-autophagy signaling cascade. We assessed RSV cytotoxicity using MTT assays and annexin V staining, while PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration were evaluated through MTT and cell migration assays. Autophagic activity was visualized using confocal microscopy, and protein expression levels were analyzed via western blotting.

Our results demonstrate that RSV significantly attenuates PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration, accompanied by reduced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), both essential for these processes. Furthermore, RSV promotes autophagy in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs, as evidenced by increased maturation of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and elevated levels of Beclin-1, autophagy-related (Atg)3, Atg5, and Atg7. These effects of RSV on autophagy, proliferation, and migration are linked to the inhibition of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Collectively, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of RSV in mitigating vascular diseases by modulating the Akt/mTOR pathway and enhancing autophagy.